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what happens if you have you an image that has 6 bits-per-pixel and you change it to 12?

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Number of bits used to stand for a color

Color depth or colour depth (run across spelling differences), also known as bit depth, is either the number of bits used to point the color of a unmarried pixel, or the number of $.25 used for each colour component of a single pixel. When referring to a pixel, the concept can exist defined as bits per pixel (bpp). When referring to a color component, the concept tin exist defined as $.25 per component, $.25 per aqueduct, bits per color (all three abbreviated bpc), and also bits per pixel component, $.25 per colour channel or bits per sample (bps).[1] [2] [iii] Mod standards tend to employ $.25 per component,[ane] [2] [4] [5] simply historical lower-depth systems used bits per pixel more than often.

Colour depth is only i attribute of color representation, expressing the precision with which the corporeality of each primary can be expressed; the other aspect is how broad a range of colors can be expressed (the gamut). The definition of both colour precision and gamut is achieved with a color encoding specification which assigns a digital code value to a location in a colour space.

The number of bits of resolved intensity in a color channel is likewise known as radiometric resolution, especially in the context of satellite images.[6]

Comparing [edit]

  • Same image on five unlike colour depths, showing resulting (compressed) file sizes. 8 and smaller employ an adaptive palette then quality may be ameliorate than some systems can provide.

Indexed color [edit]

With the relatively low colour depth, the stored value is typically a number representing the index into a color map or palette (a form of vector quantization). The colors available in the palette itself may exist fixed by the hardware or modifiable by software. Modifiable palettes are sometimes referred to equally pseudocolor palettes.

Old graphics chips, particularly those used in dwelling computers and video game consoles, often have the ability to use a different palette per sprites and tiles in guild to increase the maximum number of simultaneously displayed colors, while minimizing apply of and so-expensive memory (and bandwidth). For case, in the ZX Spectrum the movie is stored in a two-colour format, only these two colors can exist separately divers for each rectangular block of 8×8 pixels.

The palette itself has a color depth (number of $.25 per entry). While the all-time VGA systems only offered an 18-bit (262,144 colour) palette from which colors could exist called, all color Macintosh video hardware offered a 24-bit (16 meg color) palette. 24-chip palettes are pretty much universal on any contempo hardware or file format using them.

If instead the color can be directly figured out from the pixel values, information technology is "direct color". Palettes were rarely used for depths greater than 12 bits per pixel, as the memory consumed past the palette would exceed the necessary memory for straight colour on every pixel.

Listing of mutual depths [edit]

Headings of subsections refer to bits-per-pixel.

1-bit color [edit]

2 colors, oftentimes black and white (or whatever color the CRT phosphor was) directly color. Sometimes 1 meant blackness and 0 meant white, the changed of modern standards. Most of the start graphics displays were of this type, the X window organization was developed for such displays, and this was assumed for a 3M reckoner. In the late 80's in that location were professional person displays with resolutions up to 300dpi (the same as a contemporary laser printer) but color proved more popular.

two-bit color [edit]

four colors, commonly from a selection of fixed palettes. The CGA, gray-scale early NeXTstation, color Macintoshes, Atari ST medium resolution.

3-chip color [edit]

8 colors, almost e'er all combinations of total-intensity crimson, green, and blue. Many early home computers with TV displays, including the ZX Spectrum and BBC Micro.

4-fleck color [edit]

16 colors, commonly from a choice of fixed palettes. Used past the EGA and by the least common denominator VGA standard at higher resolution, color Macintoshes, Atari ST low resolution, Commodore 64, Amstrad CPC.

5-bit color [edit]

32 colors from a programmable palette, used past the Original Amiga chipset.

8-bit color [edit]

256 colors, unremarkably from a fully-programmable palette. Virtually early color Unix workstations, VGA at low resolution, Super VGA, colour Macintoshes, Atari TT, Amiga AGA chipset, Falcon030, Acorn Archimedes. Both X and Windows provided elaborate systems to try to allow each program to select its own palette, often resulting in incorrect colors in any window other than the 1 with focus.

Some systems placed a color cube in the palette for a straight-color system (and so all programs would utilise the same palette). Usually fewer levels of bluish were provided than others, as the normal human centre is less sensitive to the blue component than to the red or green (two thirds of the centre's receptors procedure the longer wavelengths[7]) Popular sizes were:

  • vi×6×6 (web-safe colors), leaving 40 colors for a gray ramp or programmable palette entries.
  • 8×8×4. iii $.25 of R and G, 2 bits of B, the correct value tin be computed from a color without using multiplication. Used, amidst others, in the MSX2 system serial of computers in the early to mid 1990s.
  • a 6×seven×6 cube, leaving iv colors for a programmable palette or grays.
  • a half-dozen×8×five cube, leaving 16 colors for a programmable palette or grays.

12-bit color [edit]

4096 colors, normally from a fully-programmable palette (though it was oftentimes set to a xvi×xvi×16 colour cube). Some Silicon Graphics systems, Colour NeXTstation systems, and Amiga systems in HAM mode.

RGBA4444, a related 16bpp representation providing the color cube and 16 levels of transparency, is a mutual texture format in mobile graphics.

High colour (15/xvi-fleck) [edit]

In loftier-color systems, 2 bytes (sixteen $.25) are stored for each pixel. Nearly often, each component (R, Yard, and B) is assigned 5 bits, plus i unused chip (or used for a mask channel or to switch to indexed colour); this allows 32,768 colors to exist represented. Withal, an alternate assignment which reassigns the unused bit to the G channel allows 65,536 colors to be represented, but without transparency.[8] These color depths are sometimes used in small devices with a colour display, such as mobile phones, and are sometimes considered sufficient to display photographic images.[9] Occasionally iv bits per color are used plus 4 bits for alpha, giving 4096 colors.

The term "high colour" has recently been used to hateful colour depths greater than 24 bits.

18-bit [edit]

Almost all of the least expensive LCDs (such as typical twisted nematic types) provide 18-bit color (64×64×64 = 262,144 combinations) to achieve faster color transition times, and utilize either dithering or frame rate control to approximate 24-bit-per-pixel true color,[10] or throw away six bits of color information entirely. More expensive LCDs (typically IPS) can brandish 24-bit color depth or greater.

True color (24-flake) [edit]

All 16,777,216 colors (downscaled, click epitome for full resolution)

24 bits nigh e'er use 8 bits each of R, G, and B (8 bpc). Equally of 2018, 24-chip color depth is used past well-nigh every computer and phone brandish[ commendation needed ] and the vast bulk of image storage formats. Almost all cases of 32 bits per pixel assigns 24 bits to the color, and the remaining 8 are the alpha channel or unused.

224 gives xvi,777,216 color variations. The human being center tin discriminate up to ten million colors,[11] and since the gamut of a display is smaller than the range of man vision, this means this should cover that range with more detail than tin can be perceived. However, displays exercise non evenly distribute the colors in human perception infinite, and so humans can run into the changes between some adjacent colors as colour banding. Monochromatic images set up all 3 channels to the same value, resulting in only 256 different colors; some software attempts to dither the gray level into the color channels to increase this, although in modernistic software this is more than often used for subpixel rendering to increase the space resolution on LCD screens where the colors have slightly different positions.

The DVD-Video and Blu-ray Disc standards back up a fleck depth of 8 bits per color in YCbCr with four:2:0 chroma subsampling.[12] [13] YCbCr can be losslessly converted to RGB.

Macintosh systems refer to 24-chip color every bit "millions of colors". The term true colour is sometimes used to mean what this article is calling direct colour.[fourteen] It is also often used to refer to all color depths greater or equal to 24.

Deep color (30-bit) [edit]

Deep color consists of a billion or more colors.[15] iixxx is 1,073,741,824. Usually this is 10 $.25 each of cerise, light-green, and blue (10 bpc). If an alpha channel of the same size is added then each pixel takes forty $.25.

Some earlier systems placed three 10-bit channels in a 32-bit give-and-take, with ii bits unused (or used equally a 4-level alpha channel); the Cineon file format, for example, used this. Some SGI systems had 10- (or more than) bit digital-to-analog converters for the video signal and could be set up to interpret data stored this way for display. BMP files ascertain this as one of its formats, and it is called "HiColor" past Microsoft.

Video cards with 10 bits per component started coming to marketplace in the belatedly 1990s. An early on example was the Radius ThunderPower bill of fare for the Macintosh, which included extensions for QuickDraw and Adobe Photoshop plugins to support editing 30-chip images.[sixteen] Some vendors call their 24-bit color depth with FRC panels 30-bit panels; nevertheless, true deep color displays have 10-bit or more than color depth without FRC.

The HDMI ane.iii specification defines a flake depth of 30 bits (too as 36 and 48 flake depths).[17] In that regard, the Nvidia Quadro graphics cards manufactured after 2006 support 30-fleck deep color[xviii] and Pascal or subsequently GeForce and Titan cards when paired with the Studio Driver[xix] equally do some models of the Radeon HD 5900 serial such every bit the Hard disk 5970.[20] [21] The ATI FireGL V7350 graphics card supports xl- and 64-bit pixels (thirty and 48 scrap color depth with an blastoff aqueduct).[22]

The DisplayPort specification as well supports color depths greater than 24 bpp in version 1.3 through "VESA Brandish Stream Compression, which uses a visually lossless low-latency algorithm based on predictive DPCM and YCoCg-R color space and allows increased resolutions and color depths and reduced power consumption."[23]

At WinHEC 2008, Microsoft announced that color depths of 30 $.25 and 48 $.25 would be supported in Windows 7, forth with the wide color gamut scRGB.[24] [25]

High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC or H.265) defines the Main ten contour, which allows for 8 or 10 bits per sample with 4:two:0 chroma subsampling.[2] [4] [v] [26] [27] The Main x profile was added at the Oct 2012 HEVC meeting based on proposal JCTVC-K0109 which proposed that a 10-bit contour be added to HEVC for consumer applications.[five] The proposal stated that this was to allow for improved video quality and to back up the Rec. 2020 color space that will exist used by UHDTV.[5] The second version of HEVC has five profiles that permit for a bit depth of 8 bits to xvi bits per sample.[28]

Equally of 2020, some smartphones have started using 30-bit color depth, such as the OnePlus 8 Pro, Oppo Find X2 & Notice X2 Pro, Sony Xperia 1 II, Xiaomi Mi x Ultra, Motorola Edge+, ROG Phone 3 and Abrupt Aquos Zero 2.

36-fleck [edit]

Using 12 bits per colour channel produces 36 bits, 68,719,476,736 colors. If an blastoff channel of the aforementioned size is added then at that place are 48 bits per pixel.

48-fleck [edit]

Using 16 bits per colour channel produces 48 $.25, 281,474,976,710,656 colors. If an blastoff channel of the aforementioned size is added then in that location are 64 bits per pixel.

Image editing software such as Adobe Photoshop started using 16 bits per channel fairly early in gild to reduce the quantization on intermediate results (i.east. if an functioning is divided by 4 and then multiplied by iv, it would lose the bottom 2 $.25 of viii-chip data, but if xvi bits were used it would lose none of the 8-flake data). In addition, digital cameras were able to produce 10 or 12 $.25 per aqueduct in their raw data; as 16 bits is the smallest addressable unit larger than that, using it would permit the raw information to be manipulated.

Expansions [edit]

High dynamic range and wide gamut [edit]

Some systems started using those bits for numbers outside the 0–1 range rather than for increasing the resolution. Numbers greater than one were for colors brighter than the display could show, as in high-dynamic-range imaging (HDRI). Negative numbers tin increase the gamut to embrace all possible colors, and for storing the results of filtering operations with negative filter coefficients. The Pixar Paradigm Reckoner used 12 $.25 to shop numbers in the range [-one.5,ii.five), with two bits for the integer portion and 10 for the fraction. The Cineon imaging arrangement used 10-bit professional person video displays with the video hardware adjusted so that a value of 95 was blackness and 685 was white.[29] The amplified signal tended to reduce the lifetime of the CRT.

Linear colour space and floating point [edit]

More bits also encouraged the storage of light as linear values, where the number directly corresponds to the amount of light emitted. Linear levels makes calculation of low-cal (in the context of figurer graphics) much easier. Withal, linear colour results in disproportionately more samples near white and fewer near black, and then the quality of 16-flake linear is about equal to 12-scrap sRGB.

Floating point numbers can represent linear calorie-free levels spacing the samples semi-logarithmically. Floating point representations as well allow for drastically larger dynamic ranges as well as negative values. Near systems commencement supported 32-bit per aqueduct unmarried-precision, which far exceeded the accuracy required for well-nigh applications. In 1999, Industrial Low-cal & Magic released the open standard paradigm file format OpenEXR which supported 16-bit-per-channel half-precision floating-point numbers. At values near ane.0, half precision floating point values have only the precision of an eleven-chip integer value, leading some graphics professionals to refuse half-precision in situations where the extended dynamic range is non needed.

More than iii primaries [edit]

Well-nigh all television set displays and calculator displays grade images by varying the strength of just iii primary colors: scarlet, green, and blue. For instance, vivid yellow is formed by roughly equal red and green contributions, with no blue contribution.

For storing and manipulating images, alternative means of expanding the traditional triangle exist: One tin can convert image coding to use fictitious primaries, that are not physically possible but that have the effect of extending the triangle to enclose a much larger colour gamut. An equivalent, simpler alter is to permit negative numbers in color channels, so that the represented colors can extend out of the color triangle formed past the primaries. However these merely extend the colors that can be represented in the image encoding; neither play tricks extends the gamut of colors that tin can actually exist rendered on a display device.

A typical CRT monitor[a] gamut: Inside the colored triangle represents colors that the monitor can display. The horseshoe-shaped surrounding greyness area represents colors humans tin can see, but that the monitor cannot show.

Supplementary colors tin can widen the color gamut of a display, since it is no longer express to the interior of a triangle formed by three primaries at its corners, e.thou. the CIE 1931 color space. Recent technologies such as Texas Instruments's BrilliantColor augment the typical carmine, greenish, and blue channels with upward to three other primaries: cyan, magenta, and yellowish.[30] Note that cyan would be indicated by negative values in the cherry-red channel, magenta by negative values in the green channel, and yellow by negative values in the blue channel, validating the employ of otherwise fictitious negative numbers in the color channels.

Mitsubishi and Samsung (among others) use BrilliantColor in some of their Television set sets to extend the range of displayable colors.[ citation needed ] The Abrupt Aquos line of televisions has introduced Quattron technology, which augments the usual RGB pixel components with a yellow subpixel. Even so, formats and media that let or make use of the extended color gamut are at present extremely rare.[ citation needed ]

Because humans are overwhelmingly trichromats or dichromats[b] one might suppose that calculation a 4th "chief" colour could provide no practical do good. However humans can see a broader range of colors than a mixture of three colored lights tin display. The deficit of colors is particularly noticeable in saturated shades of bluish green (shown as the left upper greyness part of the horseshoe in the diagram) of RGB displays: Most humans can run across more vivid blue-greens than any color video screen can display.

Come across likewise [edit]

  • Audio bit depth – corresponding concept for digital audio
  • Chip plane
  • Epitome resolution
  • List of color palettes
  • Listing of colors (compact)
  • Mach banding
  • RGB color model

Footnotes [edit]

  1. ^ The cathode ray tube monitor (CRT) is obsolete technology, but its more than limited colour-rendering clearly illustrates the problem that LCD monitors also have, despite their somewhat broader colour gamut.
  2. ^ Some women have tested as functional tetrachromats merely they are exceedingly rare.[31] Less rare are "color blind" dichromats, who theoretically would only need two principal colors.

References [edit]

  1. ^ a b K.J. Sullivan; J.-R. Ohm; W.-J. Han; T. Wiegand (May 25, 2012). "Overview of the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) Standard" (PDF). IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology. Retrieved May 18, 2013.
  2. ^ a b c G.J. Sullivan; Heiko Schwarz; Thiow Keng Tan; Thomas Wiegand (August 22, 2012). "Comparison of the Coding Efficiency of Video Coding Standards – Including High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC)" (PDF). IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems for Video Applied science. Retrieved May 18, 2013.
  3. ^ "After Effects / Colour basics". Adobe Systems. Retrieved July 14, 2013.
  4. ^ a b "High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) text specification draft 10 (for FDIS & Consent)". JCT-VC. January 17, 2013. Retrieved May 18, 2013.
  5. ^ a b c d Alberto Dueñas; Adam Malamy (October 18, 2012). "On a 10-fleck consumer-oriented profile in High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC)". JCT-VC. Retrieved May xviii, 2013.
  6. ^ Thenkabail, P. (2018). Remote Sensing Handbook - Three Volume Set. Remote Sensing Handbook. CRC Press. p. xx. ISBN978-1-4822-8267-ii . Retrieved August 27, 2020.
  7. ^ Pantone, How we see color Archived December 29, 2011, at the Wayback Motorcar
  8. ^ Edward M. Schwalb (2003). iTV handbook: technologies and standards. Prentice Hall PTR. p. 138. ISBN978-0-13-100312-5.
  9. ^ David A. Karp (1998). Windows 98 annoyances . O'Reilly Media. p. 156. ISBN978-ane-56592-417-8.
  10. ^ Kowaliski, Cyril; Gasior, Geoff; Wasson, Scott (July two, 2012). "TR's Summer 2012 system guide". The Tech Report. p. xiv. Retrieved Jan nineteen, 2013.
  11. ^ D. B. Judd and G. Wyszecki (1975). Color in Business, Scientific discipline and Industry. Wiley Series in Pure and Applied Optics (3rd ed.). New York: Wiley-Interscience. p. 388. ISBN0-471-45212-2.
  12. ^ Clint DeBoer (April 16, 2008). "HDMI Enhanced Blackness Levels, xvYCC and RGB". Audioholics. Retrieved June ii, 2013.
  13. ^ "Digital Color Coding" (PDF). Telairity. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 7, 2014. Retrieved June 2, 2013.
  14. ^ Charles A. Poynton (2003). Digital Video and HDTV. Morgan Kaufmann. p. 36. ISBN1-55860-792-7.
  15. ^ Jack, Keith (2007). Video demystified: a handbook for the digital engineer (fifth ed.). Newnes. p. 168. ISBN978-0-7506-8395-i.
  16. ^ "Radius Ships ThunderPower 30/1920 Graphics Carte du jour Capable of Super Resolution 1920 × 1080 and Billions of Colors". Business Wire. August five, 1996.
  17. ^ "HDMI Specification one.3a Section 6.seven.two". HDMI Licensing, LLC. Nov 10, 2006. Archived from the original on July 10, 2009. Retrieved Apr nine, 2009.
  18. ^ "Chapter 32. Configuring Depth 30 Displays (driver release notes)". NVIDIA.
  19. ^ "NVIDIA Studio Driver 431.seventy (Release Highlights)". NVIDIA.
  20. ^ "ATI Radeon HD 5970 Graphics Feature Summary". AMD. Retrieved March 31, 2010.
  21. ^ "AMD's 10-chip Video Output Engineering" (PDF). AMD. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 16, 2010. Retrieved March 31, 2010.
  22. ^ Smith, Tony (March xx, 2006). "ATI unwraps first 1GB graphics menu". Archived from the original on October 8, 2006. Retrieved October 3, 2006.
  23. ^ "Looking for a HDMI ii.0 displayport to displayport for my monitor". Tom's Hardware. [Solved] - Displays. Archived from the original on March 21, 2018. Retrieved March twenty, 2018.
  24. ^ "WinHEC 2008 GRA-583: Display Technologies". Microsoft. November six, 2008. Archived from the original on December 27, 2008. Retrieved December 4, 2008.
  25. ^ "Windows 7 High Color Support". Softpedia. November 26, 2008. Retrieved December v, 2008.
  26. ^ Furgusson, Carl (June 11, 2013). "HEVC: The groundwork behind the game-irresolute standard- Ericsson". Focus on ... Ericsson. Archived from the original on June 20, 2013. Retrieved June 21, 2013.
  27. ^ Forrest, Simon (June twenty, 2013). "The emergence of HEVC and 10-scrap colour formats". Imagination Technologies. Archived from the original on September 15, 2013. Retrieved June 21, 2013.
  28. ^ Boyce, Jill; Chen, Jianle; Chen, Ying; Flynn, David; Hannuksela, Miska M.; Naccari, Matteo; et al. (July xi, 2014). "Draft high efficiency video coding (HEVC) version 2, combined format range extensions (RExt), scalability (SHVC), and multi-view (MV-HEVC) extensions". JCT-VC. Retrieved July eleven, 2014.
  29. ^ "8-chip vs. 10-fleck Color Space" (PDF). Jan 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 12, 2014. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
  30. ^ Hutchison, David (April 5, 2006). "Wider colour gamuts on DLP brandish systems through BrilliantColor engineering". Digital Television receiver DesignLine. Archived from the original on September 28, 2007. Retrieved Baronial 16, 2007.
  31. ^ "Is tetrachromacy real? Definition, causes, test, and more". Healthline . Retrieved October iv, 2019.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_depth

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